Tom McCabes Genealogy 2022

Mexico, Select Church Records, 1537-1966 For Tome Domingues) Baptism Date: 19 feb. 1623 Baptism Place: Asunción Sagrario Metropolitano (Centro), Distrito Federal, México Father: Tome Domingues Mother: Elena De la Cruz Film Number: 004238914

"Sometime in the 1650s, one of the sons, Tomé el Mozo, moved south with his family and established a prosperous estancia four leagues below the Isleta Pueblo church, in the vicinity of today’s village of Tomé. His father, Tomé el Viejo (the elder), died during 1660 or the early months of 1661, and his mother soon afterward. Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza, and his wife, Catalina López Mederos, had five sons, Tomé III, Juan, Diego, Francisco, and Antonio, along with one daughter, Juana. While building his flourishing estate in the Isleta jurisdiction, Tomé served in various public offices, both civil and military. Among his appointments, on at least two occasions, was that of acting governor."

[Pg 231] "A well established estancia owner by 1659, his house and property were located along the Rio del Norte just four leagues [14 miles] south of the convent of Isleta Pueblo, and his property was considered the southern limit of the jurisdiction of Isleta."

"His full name was José Domínguez de Mendoza and was with the escort of the carriages at the time of the revolt. He was 23 in 1680 and was native of New Mexico. In 1692 he returned to the reconquest and was able to rescue his sister Juana, wife Domingo Lujan, and their four children. During her captivity among the Indians, Juana had a daughter named Josefa mestizo (www.nmhcpl.comstlawrencedaymassacre.htm). According to Chávez, Joseph and his sister Juana were illegitimate children of Tomé Dominguez and Ana Velasquez (Chávez 1992:27).

Excerpts from Juan Domínguez de Mendoza: Soldier and Frontiersman of the Spanish Southwest, 1627-1693 (Coronado Historical Series) . University of New Mexico Press.

The cataclysmic revolt broke forth on the feast of San Lorenzo, August 10, 1680. For once the Pueblos were united by common agreement, all but Isleta and the four southernmost villages of the Piros joining in the fury that swept the land. The vastly outnumbered settlers and the priests in their remote conventos suffered staggering casualties, the slain reaching 15 percent of New Mexico’s total non-Indian population. That included twenty-one members of the clergy. .... Downriver in the Río Abajo, Lt. Gov. Alonso García, who administered that district, gathered refugees together at Isleta Pueblo. Among them were Tomé and Juan Domínguez de Mendoza, who arrived with their immediate families, servants, and neighbors, neighbors, driving herds of livestock salvaged from the disaster. Juan Domínguez de Mendoza’s stout residence, his Hacienda de Atrisco, had attracted those who managed to escape from the slaughter in the vicinity of Sandia Pueblo. But Juan quickly recognized that its defenses could not withstand a determined assault by the enemy. Therefore, he abandoned his estate and guided the people to Isleta. The Pueblo Indian warriors quickly moved in, looted his buildings, and then destroyed them. By August 14, four days after the revolt began, approximately fifteen hundred hungry and exhausted settlers assembled at Isleta...At the lieutenant governor’s council, the military officers unanimously agreed to leave Isleta and retreat southward out of New Mexico. At once the order was given, and the withdrawal of the pathetic multitude began. Ten days later, the fleeing cavalcade reached the Piro pueblo of Socorro, having traveled less than seventy miles. From there the Spaniards marched another sixteen leagues down the Camino Real to the campsite of Fray Cristóbal, arriving by September 14. It was there that a priest and four soldiers bearing a message from Governor Otermín caught up with the southern division of refugees. This proved to be the first definitive news that the governor and some one thousand Río Arriba people had escaped from the siege of Santa Fe...Gov Otermín afterward dispatched his cleric with a fourteen-man escort to overtake the [southern refugees] and instruct them to halt until the governor’s contingent caught up. That occurred on September 13, when for the first time all survivors of the revolt were united.

At once, Otermín called a meeting of his officers and the leading civilians to determine whether the retreat should continue or whether a force should be mustered from their ranks and sent back upriver to challenge the enemy. Given the lack of supplies and the known strength of the enemy Pueblos, the decision went firmly in favor of continuing the march south. The two maestres de campo, Juan Domínguez de Mendoza and his brother Tomé, stood conspicuously with the majority. ... Governor Antonio de Otermín, normally an ineffectual and arrogant leader, had nevertheless in the midst of tragedy displayed true soldierly qualities and managed to make an orderly retreat from the Villa de Santa Fe to the safety of the El Paso country. Since it was necessary to arrive at a decision about the future of the displaced citizens, Otermín ordered a general muster to be conducted for the purpose of determining the exact number of persons who had come out of New Mexico with him, and the extent of their weapons, armor, and livestock salvaged from the defeat...

In the late September muster at La Salineta, the records include this entry:

Maestre de Campo Juan Domínguez de Mendoza, married, appeared with full complement of personal arms and four additional firearms; a son capable of serving His Majesty, and another younger one; a little girl; thirty-two lean horses and eight mules, three orphan Spanish girls whom he was rearing in his house; and thirty-three servants, young and old. He was robbed by the enemy.97 Not mentioned in the summary were a quantity of personal possessions and some cattle that Domínguez de Mendoza probably succeeded in carrying away from his doomed estancia of Atrisco.

The muster entry for Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza notes that the Pueblo Indian attackers killed thirty-eight of his relations, “being his daughters, grandchildren, sons-in-law, sisters, nephews, nieces, and sisters-in-law.”

... La Salineta, on a barren and chaparral-covered flat, was unsuitable for a long-term occupation. Hence, Governor Otermín soon established three town sites, roughly four miles apart on the Río Grande below El Paso and the Guadalupe mission. The farthest settlement downstream, the Real de San Lorenzo, became the residence of the governor, five priests, the leading New Mexico families and the cabildo of the Villa de Santa Fe. ... The Domínguez de Mendoza family, like other patrician families of upper New Mexico, experienced the ruin of their fortunes and the slaughter of numerous kinsmen. Almost at once, however, Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza took the lead in enterprising ventures aimed at rebuilding personal wealth. He and his brother-in-law, don Pedro Durán y Chaves, for instance, used their status to gain a large share of the grain and cattle distributed by Father Ayeta to the refugees. This was done even though they owned cattle, horses, and sheep brought out of New Mexico, while others less fortunate had saved nothing. Both Domínguez de Mendoza and Durán y Chaves, along with others of their clan, were soon engaging in trade with neighboring Nueva Vizcaya and Sonora. In fact, they were sending out livestock, wool, and textiles, locally made, while their poor fellow New Mexicans remained in miserable straits. Their conduct would eventually lead to charges of profiteering and result in a serious penalty. ... Governor Otermín, in the final week of October 1681, held a preliminary muster and enrollment of troops for the ordered reentry and reclaiming of New Mexico. To his dismay, he discovered just how many men had decamped with their families and fled to Nueva Vizcaya. Others, including high-ranking officers, remained in their homes but ignored the summons to duty, pleading serious infirmities. Prominent among the latter group were Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza and Pedro Durán y Chaves. The governor considered charging all the delinquents with treason to the king but thought better of it, since such drastic punishment would only sow greater discord in the much-diminished colony.

[After a disastrous attempt to reinvade New Mexico in which Juan Domínguez de Mendoza played a prominent role but Tomé did not, Gov Otermin returned to El Paso.] ... With all of these problems at hand, Governor Otermín yet found time to pursue Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza and his brother-in-law, don Pedro Durán y Chaves, for sowing discord among the settlers. In the fall of 1681, both men declined an order to enlist in the pending restoration and reconquest of New Mexico, pleading poverty and assorted physical ailments resulting from old wounds and advanced age. The poverty excuse rang especially hollow, owing to their reputations for wide commercial dealings and sharp business practices. Although the specifics are unknown, Otermín reported briefly to the viceroy on October 27, 1682, “In the interest of good government, don Pedro Durán y Chaves and Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza have been exiled along with their immediate kin.” Elsewhere the place of exile is mentioned as the valley of the Sacramento River, a few miles north of today’s city of Chihuahua. [Las Sauces]

In the Pueblo Revolt of August, September of 1680 Maestre de Campo Tomé Dominguez de Mendoza was one of the military leaders who lead survivors from Rio Abajo south toward El Paso. When the survivors from the north (Rio Arriba) caught up with them, the governor ordered a Muster (head count) of survivors. Here is a translation of Tomé's muster record:

[pg 138, Revolt, Part 1] Maestre de Campo Thomé Domínguez de Mendoza passed muster with a full complement of personal arms, four soldier sons, all with personal arms, and thirty lean and worn—out horses with which they all serve his Majesty. He is married and has four children**, three of the sons being married with eight children in their families. There are fifty—five persons in all, including male and female servants, young and old. The above—named and his sons as well were robbed by the enemy of cattle, houses, and crops, and in this conflict and uprising the rebels killed thirty—eight Spanish persons, all being his daughters, grandchildren, sons—in—law, sisters, nephews, nieces, and sisters—in—law, as is a matter of common knowledge.

He signs it. Thomé Domínguez de Mendoza (rubric).

** Probably referring just to children with him.

[Pg 35, Revolt, Part 2] Maestre de Campo Thomé Dominguez de Mendoza, married, sixty one years of age, passed muster in person before his lordship in this place where he is, almost eight leagues distant from the plaza de armas. He is ill with swollen feet and knees and other ailments, and declared that he has an harquebus, sword, and suit of armor [terno de armas], and ten gentle horses and mares, this being the equipment he has. He stated that he had an harquebus belonging to his Majesty, which his lordship gave him, which is now in no condition to be of any use. Of the family he has under his control there is one son twenty years of age, having neither offensive nor defensive arms. He so declared under oath administered by his lordship, and signed it with the senior governor and captain general. He declared that notwithstanding his indispositions, short of death he is always ready to obey the orders of his Majesty in his royal service. ANTONIO DE OTERMIN (rubric); Thomé Dominguez de Mendoza (rubric). Before me, Francisco Xavier, secretary of government and war(rubric) .

In October of 1681 Spanish Gov Otermin was preparing to lead a force north to see if he could reestablish control of New Mexico and he needed experienced men. He demanded explanations from men who did not show up for the mandatory muster. Here is Thomé Domínguez de Mendoza's explanation:

144 REVOLT OF THE PUEBLO INDIANS

[Pg 144, Revolt, Part II] "In this post and rancho of Maestre de Campo Thomé Domínguez de Mendoza, on the second day of the month of October, 1681, I, Sargento Mayor Juan Lucero de Godoy, lieutenant of the señor governor and captain—general, notified the aforesaid Maestre de Campo Thomé Domínguez de Mendoza in person of the above auto. Having heard and understood it, he said that it is a matter of common knowledge that for four months he has been in the grip of illnesses, among them gout and a stomach disorder, besides being sixty—one years old; and that since he reached years of discretion he has been in the provinces of New Mexico serving his Majesty, as is well known to all the citizens, residents, and inhabitants of that kingdom, with the assistance of his four legitimate sons, one of whom died in the royal service, he being Sargento Mayor Thomé Domínguez de Mendoza.

On the same occasion another of his sons, named Captain Juan Domínguez, came out badly wounded, from which wound he is still suffering, as a result of poisoned arrows; and also another of his sons, named Captain Diego Domínguez de Mendoza, came out wounded; and another son, named Captain Francisco Domínguez, likewise took part in the said encounter and battle. In this general rebellion which took place in the provinces of New Mexico they killed many of his sons, daughters, grandsons, granddaughters, two sons—in-law, brothers, nephews, and two callados[1], as is well known, all of which was because of the assistance which with all zeal and humble obedience the aforesaid has given in the service of the two Majesties, as is a matter of public knowledge.

Furthermore, this is apparent from his service papers and from certifications given by the señores governors who have governed those provinces during the time of fifty years, more or less, that he has served his Majesty in them. Finding himself now, as he does, prostrated by so many ailments that he cannot mount a horse or even travel afoot except with great discomfort, it is not possible for him to receive any salary as a settler, much less as a soldier. If his Majesty, whom God keep, in view of his many services should be pleased to give him an alms without any obligation, he will accept it in order to maintain himself because of his great poverty, for he also lost his property in the general rebellion, the enemy taking all of it, as is well and publicly known. And for the purpose of making clearer his evident misfortunes, he requested me, the said Sargento Mayor Juan Lucero de Godoy, to intimate to the señor governor and captain—general that his lordship be pleased to order that he be given a certification with regard to his present indispositions, and that because of them he is legitimately excused, all of which the señor governor and captain—general saw for himself when he came to honor this house while making his general list. He gave this as his reply today, the said second day of October, 1681, and he signed it with me and the assisting witnesses. Juan Lucero de Godoy (rubric) ; Thomé Domínguez de Mendoza (rubric) ; Antonio Lucero; Antonío de Avala (rubric)."

1. It has been suggested that the word callados as used here may refer to deaf—mutes, or that perhaps it is a euphemism used to refer to illegitimate children.

From: REVOLT OF THE PUEBLO INDIANS AND OTERMIN'S ATTEMPTED RECONQUEST 1680-1682, Charles Wilson Hackett, The University of New Mexico Press, 1942. Vol 8,9 of the Coronado Historical Series.

REVOLT OF THE PUEBLO INDIANS Pg 375, Part II

[My note: Gov Otermin had sent a letter to the prosecutor in Mexico City to try to make excuses for the failure of the attempt to retake central and northern New Mexico. His main commander Juan Dominguez de Mendoza had lead a group in advance of Otermin in which Dominguez had successfully met with the Indians but did not punish them as he had been directed. On the other hand, as Otermin followed behind he destroyed homes and crops as he proceeded north, which drove the Indians away and back into revolt. The letter and subsequent (unsuccessful) prosecution was partly to shift blame from himself onto Juan Dominguez.

Reply of the Fiscal, Don Martín de Solis Miranda. Mexico, June 25, 1682. (Fiscal is similar to a prosecutor.)

"Most Excellent Sir: The oidor fiscal having seen this letter written by General Don Antonio de Otermín, governor of the province of New Mexico, dated February 11 of this year in El Estero Largo, forty leagues from the camp of San Lorenzo, Paso del Río del Norte, says that in it he gives an account to your excellency of having arrived at the said place on his return from the entrada [invasion] which he made in virtue of your excellency's order to accomplish the recovery of the said province and the chastisement of the rebellious apostates. "

(Many pages about attempts to reinvade New Mexico. )

... "A most exact investigation and verification should be made of this matter by the person whom your excellency may be pleased to name, for it will serve as a most pernicious example for a crime of such large consequences to remain unpunished;

and for that purpose let these autos be added to the cuaderno of the indictment which the said governor [also] made against Maestre de Campo Thomé Domínguez, and against Francisco, Juan, and Diego Domínguez, his sons, and Sargento Mayor Don Pedro Durán y Chávez, Pedro Márquez, and their other associates for their having resisted receiving payment from his Majesty as settlers, and even for attempting to persuade the rest not to make the entrada [invasion north]. For from this there could have arisen the indifference, malice, and occasion for the enterprise not having made progress, these persons being the same ones who retired from the pueblo of La Isleta at the time of the uprising without orders from their governor, leaving him besieged by the enemy and not having assisted him; and the ones who, having brought out all their property, nevertheless received rations for the period of a year at his Majesty's expense, like all the rest who came out destitute; and their families being the largest, it occasioned a considerable outlay. And they being persons of highest position in the province, and with the largest number of relatives, and those who persisted in disobedience in refusing to leave for the entrada, it is very probable that therefore many of the people left dissatisfied by reason of their persuasions and that this would be the principal reason for its ill success and for disobedience to their governor."

..."As for the point that your excellency repeat the order and mandate to the effect that the governor of La Vizcaya and the alcaldes mayores of that kingdom compel and force all the creoles, both Spaniards and Indians, who may have left the province of New Mexico in the past ten years to come to these parts, to return and assemble at the said place of El Paso...

Your excellency, in view of all the autos, will resolve upon and order that which you may consider most fitting.

Mexico [City], June 25, 1682. Licenciado Martín de Solís Miranda (Rubric). Mexico [City], July 3, 1682. To the general junta. (Rubric)."

October 27, 1682, “In the interest of good government, don Pedro Durán y Chaves and Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza have been exiled along with their immediate kin.”

Somehow Tomé Domínguez de Mendoza was able to get permission to move south [exiled] into Chihuahua. The Hacienda called Las Sauces was located somewhere close to the old interior road from Parral to New Mexico and north of the modern city of Chihuahua, which was not yet founded. Most of Tome's descendants never returned to New Mexico but became some of the leading citizens of Chihuahua.

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AHMPFCA23003068 Gobierno y administración Visitas Real de Santa Rosa de Cusihuiriachic 28/06/1688 Visita por el gobernador Juan Isidro de Pardiñas Villar de Francos,

Owned by Tomé Dominguez. Not sure if this is the old Maestre de Campo Tomé or, perhaps, a nephew named Tomé.

Tome's youngest child Elena was born in 1699 and Tomé was deceased at the time of his daughter Josepha's marriage in 1701.